The evolutionary perspective indicates that p53 evolved so as to play a subtle but very important role during development while its role as a TSG is only important in animals that are protected from most sources of extrinsic mortality, thus suggesting that p53 was primarily selected for its developmental role and not as a TSG.
About half of the 68 unannotated ORESTES (38) were selected for validation by developmental northern blot hybridization.
However, if the increased expression and number of LWS opsins seen in adults confers an adaptive advantage with respect to predation, then one would expect upregulation of these genes to be selected for at earlier developmental stages (i.e., juveniles).
An initial functional characterization of genes by loss-of-function analysis employing morpholino injections into zebrafish embryos disclosed severe developmental defects indicating a decisive function of selected genes for developmental processes.
Therefore, we assume that specialists have been selected for higher plasticity in developmental time than generalists and accelerate development at the expense of body size under limited finite food availability.
Seven developmental stages selected for study are seedling (S1), tillering (S2), booting (S3), flowering (S4), milky grains (S5), dough grains (S6) and mature grains (S7).
"Lloyd views female orgasm as an ontogenetic leftover; women have orgasms because the urogenital neurophysiology for orgasm is so strongly selected for in males that this developmental blueprint gets expressed in females without affecting fitness" and this is similar to "males hav[ing] nipples that serve no fitness-related function," stated Meredith L. Chivers.
If our hypothesis is accepted, it will imply a balance between developmental facets being selected for in terms of a "limit" to poor sperm quality (degenerative orthogenesis) versus developmental pressure for the selection of not only high quality oocytes but also oocytes which can select for the best quality spermatozoa.
Based on these findings, they argue that, if variable methylation at a regulatory region of a gene is advantageous under variable environments, its genetic basis, that is, loss or gain of CpG dinucleotides, is selected for, and provides plasticity in the developmental program.
