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In addition, after stabilization of behavior, the latency to select lever S in the S+/C+ condition (14.5±5.0 s, means±SEM of the last 3 stable days) was similar to that in the S+/C- condition (6.5±2.4 s) [t 50)<1], showing that rats chose saccharin over cocaine without hesitation, as if lever C was not rewarded by cocaine.
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During choice, reward delivery was signaled by retraction of both levers and a 40-s illumination of the cue-light above the selected lever.
On average, rats selected lever C on about 15.6% of occasions (range between experiments: 7 to 23%) which, together with sampling doses, represent a total of 3 intravenous cocaine doses per day.
Autoshaping consisted of extending a randomly selected lever (left or right) for 10 s, every 30 s; a food pellet followed only right lever retractions.
We suggest that animals would not select this lever 100% of the time as they are likely to be sampling the other lever.
In another, the rodents were placed within a Y-shaped maze and challenged to escape by selecting the lever that would let them out.
In another, the rodents were placed within a "Y -shaped maze and challenged to escape bY -shapedng the lever that would let themazet.
Following reinforcer delivery, the computer program semi-randomly selected which lever would produce the next reinforcer.
At the start of the session and following each reinforcer delivery, the computer program semi-randomly selected which lever produced the reinforcer.
Here, PPS females appear to perseverate with a behavior that is no longer appropriate for the situation (nosepoking into the food tray instead of selecting a lever) as delays to a large reward increase.
MANUAL-CONTROL AUTOMATIC Sometimes called "manumatics," these automatics add electronic controls that let the driver manually select ratios using a lever on the center console or paddles on the steering wheel.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com