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As well as working out which emoji tend to be used near what words, and which words seem to be substituted by which emoji, the site is also working out which of the characters tend to be used near one another.
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Reported alcohol drinking varied markedly between chewers and non-chewers, such that non-chewers, who were predominantly Christians, seem to be substituting Khat with alcohol.
Holding and pass-interference calls seem to be the ones substitutes are not making.
Due to difficulties with using antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diet, mushroom wastes seem to be a proper substitute for them.
Purpose: The external iliac artery has physical characteristics, in particular, caliber and length, similar to those of the renal artery and would thus seem to be an ideal substitute for it.
This highlights that non-quality adjusted output measures seem to be an adequate substitute for quality-adjusted output measures that are collected infrequently (as mentioned earlier, healthy life expectancy has been measured for 2000 and 2012 only).
But if that's not the case, fictional characters seem to be a good substitute.
Collaboration may, therefore, often seem to be a poor substitute for maintenance of academic discipline.
Yet they seem to be a good enough substitute.
Instead, Tasers seem to be used as a substitute for batons, or other brute force.
Third, relational, contractual, and hierarchical governance mechanisms seem to be complementary factors, not substitutes or conflicting mechanisms.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com