Some have responded by seeking positions abroad or cramming for the government exams.
The laws had the strongest effect on those who were seeking positions paying upwards of $40,000 a year.
Without male support, women will continue to fear sex-based judgment and in turn, be discouraged from seeking positions of power.
"The jobs count may be up, but for recent college graduates and middle-aged adults seeking positions the situation is grim," said Peter Morici of the University of Maryland.
The workshop was especially useful for postdocs seeking positions outside the traditional academic stream.
The certificate operates as a professional credential for students seeking positions after graduation, including academic posts in Gender Studies.
Cleary (2012) proposed a model for safer recruitment of adults seeking positions in youth-oriented organisations PICK (Plan, Identify, Check and Keep).
English quit college and started seeking positions that were somehow related to the arts.
Invariably, toward women (not men!) in positions of power, or women seeking positions of power, or women who aren't content with the status quo.
This orientation may spill over into retirement, such that men feel rewarded by seeking positions of authority of responsibility within the social organizations in which they participate.
