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On average, dry-seeded rice had 6.5% more ET than maize due to higher irrigation water inputs.
Dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) systems are becoming popular due to resource conservation and economic returns but high weed pressure limits rice productivity.
Sudden flooding due to heavy rainfall or even waterlogging can limit seedling establishment in direct seeded rice fields since rice is sensitive to submerged seed germination.
Increased water and labour scarcity in major rice growing areas warrants a shift towards direct seeded rice cultivation under which management of weeds is a major issue.
Owing to labour and water shortage, many South East Asian countries including Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Vietnam have shifted to direct seeded rice (DSR) from transplanted rice (Rao et al. 2007).
The overall performance of aerobic and direct seeded rice means they are potentially more profitable and environmentally maintainable as production systems.
In lieu of the decreasing availability of water for irrigated rice, we examined two alternatives to traditional rice cultivation on puddled and saturated soil maize and dry-seeded rice production grown with an overhead sprinkler irrigation system.
Zero-tillage direct-seeded rice (ZT-DSR) with residue retention and best management practices provided equivalent or higher yield and 30 50% lower irrigation water use than those of farmer-managed puddled transplanted rice (CT-TPR).
Growing season ET of maize (484 mm) and dry-seeded rice (523 mm) in 2011 were higher than during 2012 (453 mm for maize and 475 mm for dry-seeded rice) because of higher net radiation (Rn) in 2011.
Mechanized dry seeded rice can save both labour and water resources.
Among them, mechanized dry seeded rice (MDSR) is probably the system using the least water and labour resource [ 3– 5].
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