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The number of bolls in upper nodes and distal fruiting positions, the number of seeds per boll, seed area (SA) and seed vigor index increased with decreasing plant density.
Booting stage was the least plastic developmental stage, crediting unique negative symptom (inhibition of boots opening) resulted in short spikes, few seeds, empty spikes and low seed vigor.
The accelerated aging test has been recognized as an accurate indicator of seed vigor and longevity, and may be generally induced by high temperature and high humidity (Hsua et al. [2003]).
In the late 1990s, researchers at the IRRI completed a series of pioneering studies to investigate how seed sowing conditions, cultivar genotypes, seedling physiological characteristics, and seed vigor affected the germination and development of seedlings in hypoxic conditions (Yamauchi et al. 1993; Yamauchi et al. 1994; Yamauchi & Chuong 1995; Yamauchi & Biswas 1997).
Further, 5 QTLs for seed vigor traits such as coleoptile length and radicle length and 3 QTLs for seed germination under low and normal temperature conditions were identified using populations derived from a cross between two indica cultivars (Xie et al. 2014).
Several studies reported that Methylobacterium inoculation through seed imbibition and phyllosphere spray enhanced seed germination rate, storability, and seed vigor [ 64– 64].
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Pure live seed emergence, vigor index, and percent of diseased seedlings were recorded.
Reported data here serve as a resource for its exploitation to metabolic engineering of seeds for multiple purposes, including increased seed viability, vigor, and quality.
Nanomaterials (NMs), with a particle size less than 100 nm, influence key life events of the plants that include seed germination, seedling vigor, root initiation, growth and photosynthesis to flowering.
Prasad et al. [2] recorded application of ZnO-NPs (25 nm @ 1000 ppm) enhanced seed germination, seedling vigor, plant and root growth in peanuts.
Vermicomposts improve seed germination, seedling vigor, and plant productivity more than what would have been possible from inorganic mineral nutrient sources, while using as little as 10 40 % of the total plant rooting volume (Subler et al. 1998; Gopalakrishnan et al. 2012; Alsina et al. 2013).
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