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A critical component for predicting the positive and negative effects of seed removal is the ability to determine whether removed seeds are deposited in a condition that enables them to germinate (Forget et al. 2004).
In the bait study, we observed a lower overall level of seed removal in AG territories: 65% of seeds were removed from bait stations where C. femoratus was observed at least once at either food or seeds.
Seed removal and germination rates were examined.
Studies of post-dispersal seed removal in the Neotropics have rarely examined the magnitude of seed removal by different types of granivores.
Seed removal varied spatially and in unpredictable ways at the study site.
Vertebrate granivores (rodents and birds) were surveyed to determine whether granivore abundance was correlated with seed removal levels.
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Human and animal (domestic and wild) reservoir control (for example, impregnated dog collars or lotions, poisonous baits for rodents eating seeds, removal of plants for rodents which feed on them, vaccines for canine leishmaniasis, destruction of burrows, trapping).
For each sample, approximately 50 g of berries with seed-removal in advance were homogenized in liquid nitrogen.
Seed selection, removal and subsequent management by granivorous animals is thought to be a complex interaction of factors including qualities of the seeds themselves (e.g., seed size, nutritional quality) and features of the local habitat (e.g. perceived predator risk).
These processes include fruit removal, seed rain, seed predation, seed bank dynamics, germination and establishment.
These studies found that severe drying of seeds or the removal of the seed coat before imbibition induces soaking damage (Larson, 1968; Powell and Matthews, 1978; Duke and Kakefuda, 1981).
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