Sentence examples for seed provisioning from inspiring English sources

This result can be interpreted as high pollen influence on seed provisioning in outcrosses only when recipients had not co-evolved with pollen, which is in line with male female sexual antagonism regarding seed provisioning.

One possible conflict scenario in plants is a conflict over parental investment during seed provisioning, as paternal genes should favour higher levels of investment in the seeds than maternal genes [22] [26].

Non-genetic effects of parental plant environment on plant phenotypes (transgenerational plasticity, or maternal effects) are well documented, and include maternal seed provisioning or epigenetic influences on offspring phenotypes, resulting in non-heritable differences in plant phenotypes (reviewed in [35]).

For example, Steinger et al. [23] reported the maternal and direct effects of elevated CO2 on seed provisioning, germination and seedling growth in B. erectus and found that seed germination rate and seedling size were not significantly affected by elevated maternal CO2.

Drought only during the rosette stage was an attempt to minimize any direct effects of drought on seed provisioning (i.e. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and mineral nutrients).

Moreover, during seed provisioning, a sexual conflict may occur because paternal genes should favour higher levels of investment in a seed than maternal genes in cases of multiple paternity (Charnov 1979; Queller 1984; Willi 2013).

Mats of lodged seedheads ensured the continuity of seed provision, resulting in high bird usage during late winter, when most seed has been depleted from existing wild bird seed measures.

Vegetation structure on topped, and topped and scarified trial plots was measured during summer 2012 to determine which management regime was most effective in maintaining suitable sward structure and seed provision into the second year.

During summer 2011 we compared vegetation structure and seed provision on trial plots to control habitat types (existing agri-environment options thought to potentially provide S. turtur foraging habitat) to assess whether trial plots performed better for foraging S. turtur than control habitats.

Recent results in Hydatellaceae (Friedman, 2008; Rudall et al., 2008), a family recently recognized among early-divergent extant angiosperms (Saarela et al., 2007), show a maternal seed-provisioning strategy similar to that observed in gymnosperms.

However, further studies in M. truncatula addressing the partitioning of parental investment to seed traits in response to environmental stress are necessary to understand how the parental environment shapes offspring development and response through resource provisioning to seeds.> -wrap-foot> *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001.