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In order to investigate the influence of soil cultivation and genotype on seed persistence and gene flow via volunteers, a field experiment was set up testing four tillage treatments and two cultivars in a split-plot design.
Crops with characteristics such as shattering and seed persistence are particularly likely to emerge as volunteers.
"Macroevolutionary studies indicate that fire has driven the diversification of plant species with seed persistence (fire-resistant or fire-stimulated seed banks) in Mediterranean ecosystems, particularly... where fire has been more frequent or intense," the Chilean scientists explained.
The weed is considered as a noxious weed due to its adaptability to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions, rapid seed germination, seed persistence in soil seed banks, flexibility in life cycle (short and extended), strong competitiveness, allelopathic effects on other plants and health effects on animals as well as on human beings.
In addition, the seed bank can be heterogeneous, i.e.: mosaic seed banks with areas of high and low seed persistence, seed mortality and/or emergence [50], as shown by the differential pattern of seed mortality at the MUR population, which might be attributed to particular environmental conditions at this site, such as shallow soil on a SW facing slope.
We suggest that more research should focus on traits that alter seed persistence dynamics or seed dormancy.
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Seed bank persistence requires that seed entry rate (production of dormant seeds) exceeds exit rate, the sum of germination, death or deep burial.
The plant also produces vast quantities of long-lived seed and persistence and spread by this means can be very significant.
Low levels of moisture, low light and low levels of fluctuating temperatures have been attributed to seed bank persistence in other pioneer systems (Tsuyuzaki and Goto, 2001).
For seed banks, persistence, which also showed considerable variability among species, was evaluated from species still present in June samples, and by comparing those in 3 6 cm samples with surface 1 3 cm samples (Leck 2003).
The wealth of information provided for each crop is sometimes redundant as seed dormancy, persistence of volunteers and weediness are often interrelated, but I trust, most of the important information has been covered (at least from my knowledge of a few crops).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com