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When comparing rates of codon evolution in TLR5 since the divergence of the mammals (sites analysis, see methods) significant evidence (posterior probability P b > 0.95) was found to suggest that positive selection has been acting on three codons (G104, H592, A659) Table 1.
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In addition, when enrichment of upstream consensus matches for individual genes is used to define putative cis-regulatory targets at a false discovery rate of 5% (see Methods), a significant number of genes is found only for E2F (Figure 1C).
A repeated-measure ANOVA on the cumulative measure of the BOLD activity associated with semantic processing in the 6 14 s post-stimulus period, with group as a between-subject factor and ROI as a within-subject factor (see Methods), showed significant main effects of group (CTRL>MEDT, F 1,22) = 12.3, p = 0.002) and ROI (F 7,154) = 3.5, p = 0.001), and no interaction (F 7,154) = 1.3, p = 0.2).
None of the other genes tested (see Methods) gave significant survival benefits.
The data sets were analyzed in pairs using CyberT (see Methods) for significant differences in transcript abundance: M + Tv compared to Tv, T + Tv compared to Tv, and M + Tv compared to T + Tv.
Consistent with this, the LM5/LM85 pair of primers, designed to recognize the catalytic domain of RasGrf1 (Additional file 2: Figure S1 panel C; see Methods) produced significant amplification of a specific 276 bp band in the WT samples but not in the RasGrf1 KO samples (Additional file 2: Figure S1, panel B).
When we removed the effect of over-representation of Staphylococcus genomes by removing 5 of the 8 genomes, all pathogenic (see Methods), no significant difference was observed (the average number of PDC/PAS proteins for 25 pathogenic genomes was 21.2; p > 0.1 by t-test and p > 0.3 by Mann–Whitney U test).
The regression of the five shape PCs on dietary PCs and skull length (used as a more familiar and intuitive proxy for mandible centroid size - see methods) was significant at the multivariate level, but the fifth shape PC was not particularly associated with any dietary PC or skull length (Table 1).
The 95%% confidence intervals [CI] are given for the differences between proportions, medians or means, respectively (see " Methods" section) Significant relations are presented in bold * P values < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P <0.001 are indicated here and are two-sided Out of 176 cases, 5.7%% ended with severe outcome, either death (n = 8) or survival with a decrease in POPC of two or more (n = 2).
being significant (see methods for significance test).
A second statistical analysis controlling for family effects (see Methods) was also significant (Mann-Whitney U-test, Z = 2.03, P = 0.043).
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