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Classification of tailings from this area based on the potential contamination risk for soil, sediments, surface and ground-waters according to reference quality guidelines.
Tailings were found to be highly contaminated with several hazardous/priority hazardous metals (As, Cu, Cd, Pb), and pose potential contamination risk for soil, sediments, surface and groundwater.
This procedure keeps the thickness of the layers (oceanic sediments, surface low-velocity layer, upper crust, and lower crust) the same as in the model with the oceanic layer and reduces simulation errors.
The main contributions of our study are: i. Classification of tailings from this area based on the potential contamination risk for soil, sediments, surface and ground-waters according to reference quality guidelines ii.
In order to illustrate the contamination risk for soil, sediments, surface and groundwater the weight of each contaminant that exceeded the limit values was calculated as the ratio between the found and reference values set by quality standards.
Although not directly transferable, since the incubations were done on a "real" sediment with a rougher surface while in the characterizations a PVC plate simulated the sediments surface, these data give ideas about the prevailing hydrodynamic condition in the chambers during the incubations.
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Branching angles and the depths between ramet basal and sediment surface were only affected by sedimentation depth.
With the multibeam swath mapping system, the sediment surface below is revealed.
Burrowing close to the sediment surface, Nucula is equivalve, anteriorly and posteriorly symmetrical, and isomyarian.
The vast majority of other bivalves feed on the plant detritus, bacteria, and algae that characterize the sediment surface or cloud coastal and fresh waters.
For burrowing bivalves, such a body organization allows deep burrowing in a vertical (head down) orientation, and thus escape from the sediment surface.
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