Concentrations of microplastics (<1 mm) in sediments sampled at approx. 1 m depth in the Lagoon of Venice Italyy) were studied by Vianello et al. [22].
They found that TiO2 NP accumulate in sludge-treated soils followed by sediments and landfills (approx. 8400 t/a and 7600 t/a and 7000 t/a).
The sediments (each of approx. 300 g wet weight) were collected at the Levante Bay (Vulcano Island, Aeolian archipelago) (38.4162° N, 14.9603° E) on October 2, 2012, at the depth of water column of about 0.5 2.0 m; the sediment depth was 0 0.3 m.
Bioaccumulation of various PCBs was modelled in the presence of three concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10%% of sediment dw) of microplastics (approx. 1 mm) and in the absence of microplastics.
Peak concentrations of 140.000 I-TEQ ng/kg PCDD/Fs were measured in a 800-m-long calm water section with a sediment thickness of up to 2 m [46, 47] and approx. 20,000 m3 fine-grained sediment was estimated in the 1990s 1995 [45] , 1997 [46] and 2000 [38]).
Diatoms are known from sediments as old as the earliest Cretaceous (approx. 140 Ma; [66]) and they may go as far back as the Early Jurassic (approx. 190 Ma; [67], [68]).
Each subplot was set up in an individual small vase (approx. 2.5 L) with sediment from the Ria Formosa with a standardized initial density of 27 shoots per vase, comprising 9 sets of 3 connected shoots each.
In the navigable section of the Saale river approx. 190,000 tons of fine-grained sediments are deposited (spectrum of pollutants relevant to the river Elbe, incl. dioxins and furans), of which approx. 75 % are classified as remobilizable [(G.E.O.S. 2013 [71]; Wieprecht et al. 2013 [72013
Data obtained from sedimentation velocity analysis of the latter fractions suggested a rather broad mass distribution of sedimenting species with values of apparent sedimentation coefficients ranging between 10 and 30S, the majority (approx. 70%) of particles falling between 12 and 22S, in 95% confidence level.
The maximum concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in bile of roach exposed to ZE sediment was 90.6 µg mL−1 bile liquid, which is approx. 13-fold greater compared with the highest concentration previously measured in rainbow trout exposed to the same sediment sample (6.82 µg mL−1 bile liquid).
