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The unique aspect of the facility is its sediment chamber with a computer-controlled false bottom that allows vertical repositioning of a sediment bed surface to an accuracy of 10 micron.
In particular, HYDRUS (2D/3D) was modified to simulate transient head boundary conditions for the complex geometry of the Maxwell Type IV drywell; i.e., a sediment chamber, an overflow pipe, and the variable geometry and storage of the drywell system with depth.
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Experiments were conducted in bench-top test cells that contained electrode and sediment chambers.
Mean denitrification rates were 22.5±3.8 and 93.6±2.9 μmol N l−1 (n=6) in bioball and sediment chambers, respectively.
Nitrite accumulation rates in bioball and sediment chambers were 20.8±7.8 and 24.0±2.4 μmol N l−1, respectively.
Denitrification removed 1.0±0.4% and 3.9±0.3% of the total nitrogen (less N2) passing through bioball and sediment chambers, respectively.
Ammonium accumulated in sediment chambers at 27.0±5.4 μmol N l−1, but ammonium flux in bioball chambers was not different from zero.
The nitrate removal rate from sediment chambers was 115±35.4 μmol N l−1, but nitrate accumulated in bioball chambers at a rate of 76.8±16.6 μmol N l−1.
However, ammonium accumulation and nitrate removal in sediment chambers suggest that dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) may be an important process in sediments accumulated in biofilters.
One mL of culture fluid (plus DNA-stain, see below) was allowed to sediment by gravity onto the surface (0.78 cm2) for 5 min. After sedimentation, the culture fluid was decanted (via a syringe), the sedimentation chamber removed, and a cover slip with spacers placed over the sediment-drop.
We designed a novel laboratory sediment flux chamber in which we maintained the headspace O2 partial pressure at preselected values, allowing us to experimentally regulate "in-situ" O2 to evaluate its role in net N2O production by an intertidal estuarine sediment (Tyne, UK).
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