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Monitored anesthesia, sometimes called "conscious sedation," "sedation analgesia" or "twilight sleep," is widely used for breast biopsy, vasectomy, colonoscopy and endoscopy, among other procedures.
Although the vast majority of colonoscopies involve sedation, sedation is not required in every case.
According to Dutch guidelines for palliative sedation, sedation with opioids should be considered malpractice [ 53].
We found that treatment characteristics specifically use of benzodiazepines, opioids, and antipsychotics, agitation, heavy sedation, sedation administration method, DSI, and occurrence of an adverse event were associated with PR use or the number of days of PR use.
In a Belgian study, oral alprazolam (0.5 mg) produced significant levels of sedation (sedation VAS 23 ± 20 mm) compared to placebo (sedation VAS 7 ± 20 mm) at 60 to 90 min after premedication in patients planned for day care surgery [ 8].
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Nurses used validated scales to assess, every 4 h, pain (Numeric Rating Scale [NRS]) [ 12– 14] and sedation (Sedation-Agitation Scale [SAS]) [ 15], and titrated and tapered infusions to achieve and maintain the target pain (NRS ≤2) and sedation (SAS: 4 to 1 as required) scores.
According to COMFORT scoring no child was inadequately sedated, resulting in two COMFORT groups (i.e. deep sedation and light sedation).
24 This model considers medicines prescribed for sedation, medicines with sedation as a prominent side-effect and medicines with a sedating component.
He could elect I.V. sedation ("twilight sedation") or just local anesthetic, as the dentist suggested.
Inadequate sedation can lead to problems of over-sedation, under-sedation and/or delirium in ICU, especially in elderly patients.
Including a measure of sedation will ensure sedation is not mistaken for analgesic effectiveness.
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