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It is calculated by subtracting the sum of the SPFs of individual devices that make up each security combination from that of the combination.
The exception of increasing protective power over time refers to burglar alarms: The effectiveness of the security combination that incorporates a burglar alarm (EWBD) in Fig. 6 declined over time.
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Fig. 6 Changing SPFs for selected security combinations, 1992 1996 to 2008/09 to 2011/12 CSEW.
The findings discuss this further based on specific security combinations whereas Tseloni et al. (2014) provide complete results on the efficacy of security devices and their NIEs across all security combinations.
The results for the most frequently installed security combinations (see Fig. 3) are shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 5 Efficacious security combinations of devices and single devices in households in England and Wales, 1992 2011/12 CSEW.
Fig. 7 Marginal security protection factors from the addition of burglar alarms to selected comparable security combinations: 1992 1996 and 2008/09 to 2011/12 Tilley et al. (2015b).
It explicitly examines the security hypothesis over a longer period and a wider array of security combinations than previously, as well as with respect to burglars' modus operandi.
The steepest increases in efficacious security combinations had already occurred by 2001/02 in the period before and during the sharpest burglary fall.
The CSEW sweeps have not asked about an identical range of security devices fitted to households before and after 1998 impeding comparisons of exact security combinations with the 1992 1996 period.
In order to obtain adequate sample sizes that enable meaningful statistical analysis of the large number of security combinations generated by the above list, the CSEW sweeps were merged: 1992 1996; 1998–2000; 2001/02 to 2004/05; 2005/06 to 2007/08 and 2008/09 to 2011/12.
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