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The clergy gained independence from secular lords in 1221.
It did, however, provide a solid framework of new secular lords willing to work with the church against the heretics.
These grants broke up counties and to some extent even duchies, and that was their purpose: to disrupt the secular lords' jurisdictions that had escaped royal control.
All efforts at eradication failed, however, largely because of the tolerance of the Cathari maintained by Raymond VI of Toulouse, the greatest baron of the area, and by most secular lords in the region.
It should be considered alongside St. Gregory I's Pastoral Care (6th century): though centred on the role of bishops, rather than secular lords, Gregory's emphasis on humility as a key virtue of those holding worldly power, on the moral temptations of secular might, and on the need to provide moral leadership by example made it a key reference point for future writers.
Louis, Thierry of Alsace, and various other ecclesiastical and secular lords represented the French.
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This grand chamber with its wooden vaulted ceiling (carved with angels) was the equal of the hall of any contemporary secular lord.
Osbert, however, continued to call himself "archdeacon" even though he held land as a secular lord, including lands in Lacy and Skipton.
The chancellor Michael de la Pole accused him of not mustering his troops at Calais, as had been agreed; not recruiting a high enough number of armed men; refusing to certify properly who his military leaders were; deceiving the king by not allowing a secular lord to command the expedition to Flanders; and disbanding his forces prematurely.
The secular local lords of Aceh, who had been the foundation of Dutch rule, were executed, although most of Indonesia's sultanates fell back into Dutch hands.
(2) Although written as if inspired by the gods, the legislation is secular, composed of dispositions fixed and codified by the temporal lord.
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