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Turkey's secular establishment much appreciates the Alevis' attachment to the system established by Kemal Ataturk in the 1920s.Since the 1993 fire, efforts by Alevis to organise themselves have won the blessing of top generals, of President Suleyman Demirel and of a growing number of other politicians.
The main party of the secular establishment boycotted the balloting.
A FRESH burst of reformist zeal, or a final assault on the secular establishment?
The governing party has come close to breaking the grip of the secular establishment on power.
The secular establishment, however, backed by strong institutions like the military, upholds the ban.
In the same years, Gülen was making his own accommodation with Turkey's secular establishment.
It would be highly desirable if Turkey's secular establishment, including the generals, would now reconcile themselves to the AK Party.
But the party had failed to win enough support, given widespread mistrust of its motivations in the secular establishment.
With the army, the secular establishment and the political opposition all cowed, he has grown more autocratic.
THE long battle between Turkey's mildly Islamist ruling party and its fiercely secular establishment is coming to a climax.
The Gulenists, formerly Mr Erdogan's allies against the army and the secular establishment, have now become enemies.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com