Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(1)
Mean BMI increased over time more in the younger than older participants: in men, the linear secular difference (± standard error) of mean BMI per calendar year was 0.052 ± 0.005 and 0.023 ± 0.005 kg/m/year in subjects aged <45 and ≥45 years, respectively (p < 0.001).
Similar(59)
We also excluded older women from our analyses because of possible secular differences in use of ultrasounds for fibroid diagnoses.
However, in future research, investigators should consider the role of secular differences in birth cohorts when considering the relations between physical and cognitive functioning.
There could be secular differences in that population expectancy for a job or special issues as the women in those birth cohorts were often homemakers.
The findings support eating disorder problems of subjective and objective binge eating being at least as common if not more common (controlling for secular differences) in indigenous peoples.
Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the likelihood of a significant difference in features between indigenous and non-indigenous eating disorder behavior controlling for values of identified secular differences in each year of study.
We excluded women > 59 years of age because of the likelihood of secular differences in use of ultrasounds for fibroid diagnoses and decreased ability to get information from their mothers about early-life events.
To summarize, we did not find any changes in age-adjusted hip fracture incidence from 1987 to 2002 and we found no secular differences in BMD or in the prevalence of osteoporosis between 1988/89 and 1998/99.
Furthermore, the similar (or greater) prevalence of binge eating behaviors were not explained by secular differences in indigenous such as younger age, higher body weight, gender or income levels.
Controlling for secular differences, in 2005 rates of objective binge eating and levels of weight and shape influence on self-evaluation were significantly higher in indigenous compared to non-indigenous participants, but no significant differences were found in ED features in 2008.
We also examined secular differences in BMD (mg/cm), evaluated by single-photon absorptiometry at the distal radius, prevalence of osteoporosis, and several other risk factors for hip fracture in one population-based sample of urban women and one sample of rural women aged 50 80 years at two time points: 1988/89 (n = 257 and n = 180, respectively) and 1998/99 (n = 171 and n = 118, respectively).
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com