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We have found that by setting global standards – through the Equator Principles, modelled after the IFC's environmental and social performance standards or sectoral standards such as through the International Labour Organisation/IFC better work programme – we can successfully contribute to high quality and inclusive job growth that is also sustainable.
Individual bargaining and choice menus have shaped derogation from sectoral standards in the Netherland and Switzerland (Mach and Oesch 2003; Visser 2013).
Three of the six main union confederations signed in 2013 a central agreement in France, subsequently enacted as law, introducing the possibility of derogation from sectoral standards for companies in economic difficulty subject to commitments to refrain from implementing redundancies.
Formally, under par 4 of the German law on collective bargaining deviations from the sectoral standards set in collective agreements are only allowed when the bargaining partners explicitly make a provision for them.
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This study evaluates the economy-wide impacts of implementing two different types of CO2 emission abatement policies in Malaysia using market-based (imposing a carbon tax) and command-and-control mechanism (sectoral emission standards).
In addition, DFAIT was opposed to the idea of removing medicines from the scope of ACTA because its view was that ACTA is a non-sectoral agreement, i.e., an agreement about counterfeiting in general, and removing pharmaceuticals would result in lower sectoral enforcement standards [ 33].
General derogation clauses delegate particular issues to be decided at enterprise level under conditions specified in the sector agreement and with outcomes that can deviate from sectoral minima or standards.
Experience from the European Union shows that in the phase of implementation, the need for dedicated sectoral models arises as the standard energy models.
There are minimum standards in these cross-sectoral "people and process" categories as well as within each technical sector.
There are two broad regimes for recognition of qualifications in the EU: (a) the sectoral system, based on common minimum training standards defined in relevant sectoral directives which lead to automatic recognition of the diploma; and (b) the "general system", which may require a case-by-case evaluation of the diploma by national authorities with the option to impose compensation measures [ 9].
Strengthening systems Having already played a major role in measures to tackle violence in education, UNICEF is now strengthening the ability of the health and social welfare services to prevent and respond to violence by providing indicators, standards and guidelines and supporting cross-sectoral training at municipal levels.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com