In most countries today, the reality is that public health supply chain systems encompass multiple supply chains and involve a multi-sectoral range of public, private, faith-based, and NGO facilities and distributors; diverse operational agencies and practices; and people from many organizations and professions.
The specific interplay between the two influencing factors creates distinguishable modes of sectoral transformation, ranging from anticipative and smooth adjustments to reactive and crisis-ridden patterns of change.
This includes ensuring that MHM is appropriately addressed in a range of sectoral guidelines, program plans, job descriptions, monitoring tools, and other relevant documentation.
However, since these approaches involve such a wide range of sectoral issues, we must guard against a tendency to increase administrative burdens in programme planning and implementation – causing a corresponding decrease in the involvement of communities and the civil society.
The analysis offered in this article may prove helpful to those engaged in global health diplomacy or in efforts to have global governance across a range of sectoral interests pay more attention to health equity impacts.
Preventative interventions are also necessary and a range of sectoral activities may be required to tackle the multiple potential causes of undernutrition, including insufficiencies in household food security and diet, challenges in the social and care environment, and disease and a poor public health environment.
With this focus, UNICEF has developed a range of cross-sectoral interventions to address weaknesses and gaps in the provision of basic social services and strengthen management and delivery of these services.
These examples suggest that the formal integration of HIA into EIA offers a promising avenue for realizing a truly cross-sectoral approach to a wide range of public policy decisions that impact community health and well-being.
The contemporary One Health approach recognises that the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems is intimately connected and involves a coordinated, collaborative, interdisciplinary, and cross-sectoral approach to addressing a wide range of risks at the animal human ecosystem interface.
The Outcome Statement from the 2012 PRCCHS recognised "that 'climate change and health' is a domain that is multi-sectoral and this consequently needs a broad range of people involved with skills, experience and expertise from all sectors and from grassroots through to national, regional and global levels" [ 5].
In the case of South Africa, Bhorat et al. (2012) estimated an average violation of sectoral minimum wages of 44% in 2007 ranging from 9% among civil engineers to 67% among security workers.
