In the cross-sectional direction, cellulose ribbons are modelled as core-shell structures.
Results show that the wall temperature difference on the cross-sectional direction can decrease from 86.6 K to 68.8 K.
Figure 6 shows the electric field distribution at a cross-sectional direction for the wavelength of 2000 nm.
Dislocation structures in the resultant grain boundary were extensively observed in plan view and cross-sectional direction by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
In the first phase, landscape types around Yatsu valleys in the study area were classified into four types based on the land-use patterns in the cross-sectional direction of valleys.
When the flow rate is 100 cm3/s and H2/air equivalence ratio is 0.8, the mean temperature and the wall temperature difference on the cross-sectional direction for the multiple-channel combustor are 1294.9 and 86.6 K, respectively, whereas those for the single-channel combustor are 1256.0 and 107.6 K, respectively.
In the second phase, the characteristics of gray-faced buzzard habitat were identified as follows: (1) narrow valley floor, (2) rich accumulation of edge environments between rice paddies and woods, (3) rich accumulation of landscape pattern with rice paddies in valley floor, and with woods on both slopes in the cross-sectional direction of valleys.
Focused ion beam thinning method was used to cut the VACNTs/PANi membrane into dozen-nanometer thin strips along the cross-sectional direction, and transmission electron microscopy observation showed seamless deposition of PANi between VACNT gaps, without damaging the vertical status of CNTs.
TM is located at the 430-nm wavelength which is due to the electric field component in the chiral cross-sectional direction of the nano-flower axis, and LM mode is due to the electric field component along the chiral axis of the nano-flower which occurs at longer wavelengths (peaks at 460, 540, and 670 nm).
Since the study design was cross-sectional, the directions of relationships cannot be determined, precluding conclusions regarding causality.
The results of this investigation allow the evaluation of the behavior of the turbulent flow and convective heat fluxes for different square cross-sectional sections throughout the direction of the main flow, which is mainly influenced by the temperature distribution in the wall.
