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The software first identifies the limits of the different vessels, after which it automatically recognises arteries and veins, and makes multiple measurements of the diameter of the section of vessels circulating through area B. It finally estimates the mean calibre of veins and arteries in millimetres, and these measurements are summarised as an arteriole venule ratio, arteriovenous index (AVIx).
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Single unbranched venules (25 40 µm in diameter) were selected, and to minimize variability, the same section of vessel was observed throughout the experiments.
On the other hand, integral boundary conditions help to formulate computational fluid dynamics (blood flow) problems in a better way as such conditions allow one to describe the cross-section of vessels in a more realistic arbitrary manner instead of always assuming circular type cross-section [9].
To date, several bone-associated proteins (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen) have been shown in histological sections of vessels obtained from patients with ESRD or calcific uremic arteriolopathy.
For immunofluorescence, sections of vessels from Ctrl and SM-Dicer KO mice were mounted on glass slides and stained using a fluorescently labeled SM α-actin antibody (Sigma) and DAPI nucleic acid stain.
We thank N. Figg for processing and sectioning of vessels.
The paraffin-embedded sections of vessels were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).
Counting the number of transversal sections of vessels is unreliable due to vessel tortuosity overestimating the actual number of vessels.
Sections of vessels in the corion (lamina propria) of gastrointestinal mucosa biopsies were used as positive controls, and blood vessels present in the periphery of the carcinomas studied were used as internal positive controls.
Generally, when marine vessels encounter the water surface on entry and subsequently re-enter the water at high speed, this can subject the bottom section of the vessels to high hydrodynamic loads, especially over very short durations.
For the IVC/Ao ratio using a cross section of both vessels for measurements, the transducer was placed over the anterior abdomen in the axial or transverse plane just below the level of the xyphoid bone.
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