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"It is caught between the displacement of the old moderate-radical divide by one that is defined by confessional and sectarian loyalty".
Ethnic, tribal, linguistic and sectarian loyalty is the central order of things in a society that remains rural and feudal in nature.
Further, as more Iraqis, Sunni and Shiite, answer the call to join opposing sides in Syria's civil war next door, back home it has become easier to think that sectarian loyalty might even trump national boundaries.
The mass protests in Lebanon that followed the assassination of Rafik Hariri, a former prime minister, in February 2005 ended up deepening divisions in a country almost evenly split over questions of ideology, sectarian loyalty and foreign patrons.
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Divisive sectarian loyalties only increased after the Israeli withdrawal.
Political parties are banned, so most candidates played on tribal and sectarian loyalties.
And it will not work in Syria, where sectarian loyalties trump any sense of national identity.
Joseph Kenny, Franklin, Ind.: They can gain more power and influence from building on sectarian loyalties than from appeals for national unity.
But such a tactic will certainly lose votes among the increasing number of people who, despite having at least a vague sense of the spiritual, eschew all such sectarian loyalties.
Mr. Jaafari said he would work to fold the country's myriad militias into the official security forces and ensure that recruits and top security ministers abandoned their ethnic or sectarian loyalties.
Allawi is a Shiite, but seemed to do well among Sunnis, which could mean that sectarian loyalties are giving way to political ones — or that players on both sides in the political fight will have an interest in reviving those divisions.
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