First carried out under a secret authorization by President George W Bush, it was only when lawyers from the Department of Justice threatened to resign in March 2004 – in what has been described as a heroic intervention in Attorney General John Ashcroft's hospital room – that the White House decided to put the program under judicial supervision.
On torture: "The secret authorization of brutal interrogations is an outrageous betrayal of our core values, and a grave danger to our security.... Torture is how you create enemies, not how you defeat them.
Not to be outdone, Wills reminds us about President Kennedy's secret authorization to overthrow Vietnam's Diem government, and his administration's attempt to 86 Cuba's Castro which leads to Castro's Russian missiles which gives us the Cuban Missile Crisis which brings the world to the brink of WW III.
Under secret ministerial authorizations, CSEC is allowed to collect the content of Canadians' communications with foreigners, as well as metadata about Canadians at home.
The Conformance Configuration Specification defines the usage authorization for the compliance key as Secret E. This secret is used to determine the Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) key when creating the input and output authorization digests concerning the TPM_CreateWrapKey.
* In the first year after the attacks, Attorney General John Ashcroft approved 113 emergency authorizations for secret foreign intelligence warrants for electronic or physical surveillance, compared with fewer than 50 in the previous 23 years.
In the first year after the attacks, for instance, Mr. Ashcroft approved 113 emergency authorizations for secret foreign intelligence warrants for electronic or physical surveillance, compared with fewer than 50 in the previous 23 years.
A federal judge in Oregon also found that the Patriot Act's authorization of secret searches against American citizens was unconstitutional — a ruling that was reversed on a technicality by a higher court.
President Bush's authorization of secret military tribunals for noncitizens accused of terrorism and the systematic interviewing of 5,000 young Middle Eastern men in the country on temporary visas is well known.
But the military authorization became the secret legal basis for some of the administration's most controversial legal tactics, including the wiretapping program, and that still gnaws at some members of Congress.
This architecture features attribute-based encryption for selective access authorization and cryptographic secret sharing in order to disperse data across multiple clouds, reducing the adversarial capabilities of curious cloud providers.
