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Across all samples, 36 mutations were found in both the primary and secondary samples (shared mutations) whilst 18 mutations were private to one sample of the pair (Fig. S1).
The Chinese sample are undergraduates drawn from a single university, while the more numerous secondary samples are drawn from a number of schools in four nations.
The rank K = 3 clustering was further tested for significance by permuting sample labels for secondary samples independently for each chromosome.
The proposed classifier was able to correctly predict 47 of the 51 primary samples and 58 of the 61 secondary samples.
Recent studies have also looked at genetic alterations in early and late paired secondary samples [ 8].
Four normal ovarian samples, plus six paired primary (stage IIIC) and secondary samples from the same individual were analysed.
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ESR1, ERBB2 and MAP2K4 had mutations in the secondary sample only, while there was no systematic difference between the primary and secondary sample for the other analysed genes.
McQuaid stressed that he would not pass judgment on Landis until a laboratory has tested the secondary sample.
ESR1 (n = 5), ERBB2 (n = 1) and MAP2K4 (n = 1) had mutations in the secondary sample only.
In three additional scenarios of predefined sample composition, the numbers of primary and secondary sampling units were: 30 × 30, 50 × 20 and 65 × 15.
Finally, for each city and sample composition, we selected primary sampling units (census tracts) with probability proportional to its size and with replacement, and secondary sampling units (households) by simple random sampling.
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