Gradients in the abundance of carnivores and small mammals across a habitat edge gradient (secondary mixed forest interior vs. secondary mixed forest interior/grassland edge vs. grassland interior) were monitored during a 2-year survey performed in a fragmented central European landscape.
This rib head, and therefore the mammalian rib itself, appear to be controlled by the new, independent secondary segmental identity gradient that may be frame shifted anterior or posterior to the primary gradient (Figure 5, Table 2).
Here, we investigate the return of critical microhabitats along a successional gradient of secondary forest in the Tropical Andes of Colombia.
This behavior is due to the interaction between the primary flow (due to pressure gradient) and secondary flow (due to buoyancy force).
Instead of updating power level with information about λ and the approximate gradient, the secondary user can update the power level just with the feedback information about the observed outage probability.
Accumulative transporters mediate transport of amino acids against an amino acid concentration gradient using secondary active transport dependent on electrochemical gradients.
In contrast, pulmonary arterial hypertension without any gradient is secondary to increased pulmonary venous resistance, and causes of altered left ventricular compliance (e.g. myocardial ischaemia or left ventricular failure) or mitral disease must be explored.
ClC-5 may compensate the charge accumulation by the endosomal V-ATPase via coupling directly vesicular pH gradients to Cl− gradients as a secondary active ion transporter (Picollo and Pusch, 2005; Scheel et al., 2005).
As the secondary energy map, the horizontal gradient magnitude is used for width reduction, and the vertical gradient magnitude, for hight reduction.
