However, not withstanding this notion of initially engineered (potentially participatory) design, the idea of secondary design treats end-users as "designers in their own right," who are actively engaged in the ongoing design of the information system within the context of use [28].
This objective of a positive system impact on learning is classified as a secondary design objective.
There are primary and secondary design inputs, which are summarized in Table 8.
The analysis of workarounds provided valuable secondary design suggestions to remedy CIS.
In their seminal article, Germonprez et al. [28] illustrate the concept of secondary design by providing an in-depth study of the collaborative construction of an informational artifact.
For the first time, a comprehensive, in-depth comparison was conducted on all popular secondary designs for CSP applications.
In a second step, several secondary mirror designs are evaluated and optimized, including a partially reflective glass surface, insulation in the vacuum annulus with reflective surfaces, as well as aplanatic mirror and tailored secondary designs.
Evolutionary information systems [4] aim at combining these properties, hence providing highly introspectable, tailorable technology [37], thus ultimately enabling secondary design at all conceptual layers of the information system.
The secondary design focuses on children at lower risk for adverse outcomes and compares a universally administered classroom program to the control condition.
Sheet-bulk metal forming is an innovative approach to manufacture complex components which, due to secondary design features, have integrated as well as extended functions.
