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Fish apparently lack a lymphatic system, yet they possess another, perhaps related, vascular network, the secondary circulation.
Flow friction, leakage, wakes produced by the previous sets of blades, and secondary circulation or swirl flows all contribute to losses in a real unit.
The swirl velocity, axial velocity and radial velocity components as well as the flow patterns including secondary circulation flow have been evaluated.
These secondary circulation regions were segregated from the bulk of the flow and, for low impeller Reynolds numbers (5
Many, but not all, fishes use accessory hearts as auxillary venous pumps to help blood both from within the venous system and from the secondary circulation return toward the branchial heart.
The comparison results show that the helical coil heat exchanger has better effect on improving the characteristics of reactor than the straight pipe heat exchanger due to its secondary circulation.
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There is a third class of motions which adds to this problem: surface-induced secondary circulations (SISCs).
Multiple secondary circulations within the upper triangle are formed for fluids with low Pr, whereas this is absent in higher Pr fluids.
Flat gradients, high width to depth ratios of valleys/channel belts, fine sediment grain sizes, a certain degree of bank cohesiveness, and presence of secondary circulations in flows were pre-requisites in both systems.
The vortex can induce the secondary circulations on the west of the CMR.
When the vortex approaching Taiwan, flows may move around the Island or pass the CMR and induce secondary circulations.
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