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Because nonetheless higher furfural yields are obtained using the salts as a secondary catalyst, it is concluded that the salts influence the pentose dehydration mechanism directly.
The secondary catalyst (fine particles), i.e. heat carrier and may serve as a catalyst in secondary reactor for olefin inter-conversion reaction and/or cracking, if integrated setup is designed.
So, Co Al2O3 catalyst can be used as a primary catalyst to produce high H2 yield, while Ni/Al2O3 catalyst can be used as a secondary catalyst for conversion of CO to CO2 and production of more hydrogen with low CO by WGS reaction.
Such a color change indicates that Mn II) turns into Mn(IV) in its oxide form which is a secondary catalyst of ozone decomposition less active than Mn II) complexes: the reaction rate of ozone decomposition in the steady-state mode is low.
This significant enhancement is achieved for continuous longer reaction duration by using novel bi-modal particle fluidization system, owing to uniform heat transfer throughout the reactor and transfer of coke from principal catalyst to secondary catalyst, which increases principal catalyst's stability.
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After annealing, Au particles formed from the congregation of Au film were well arranged on the side surface of the Ga2O3 nanowires, and they act as the secondary catalysts guiding the teeth growth.
The best data on NO yield (>80%) at 880 900 °C were obtained with the iron and cobalt based modified monoliths used as the secondary catalysts in the two-stage catalytic system.
The paper deals with modeling of a two-stage catalytic system for ammonia oxidation in an UKL-7 plant, preparation and characterization of cordierite-like honeycomb monoliths (∼230 cpsi) modified with (Mn, Co, Fe, V, Bi Ox oxides as the secondary catalysts.
A more recent development is the use of chiral secondary amine catalysts.
At a similar time, Barbas and co-workers focused on the enantioselective fluorination of α-branched aldehydes 105 using chiral secondary amine catalysts (Scheme 37).
With respect to secondary electrophiles, catalysts that undergo two-electron oxidative addition are more likely to proceed with high stereospecificity; retention or inversion can be influenced by the presence of coordinating groups proximal to the site of oxidative addition.
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