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Failure process, mode and strength of unidirectional composite single lap bonded joints were investigated experimentally with respect to bonding methods, that is, co-curing with or without adhesive and secondary bonding.
The influence of temperature on secondary bonding in polymers is the basis of the approach.
This shows the wide potential of peel tests, not only limited to secondary bonding applications but also to co-cured composite laminates.
The reaction follows a typical interchange substitution mechanism profile as the secondary bonding with the square planar complex of Zn acac 2 were detected at the reaction intermediates.
It resulted in lower crystallinity due to β-CD cross-linked to cellulose and smaller secondary bonding between the polymer chains.
During this process, water molecules diffuse into the polymer network reducing interchain interactions, such as entanglements and secondary bonding, creating a volumetric expansion called swelling.
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Secondary bonds also are important in certain ceramics.
Were the EFSF/ESM to be called upon to intervene in the secondary bond markets, investor anxiety would, if anything, increase due to concerns about insufficient firepower.
Last week, the yield on Italy's 10-year debt surged as high as 7.5% in trading in the secondary bond market.
Leach writes: The ECB's decision to enter secondary bond markets could be the game changer the IoD has long argued for.
Regional governments are co-ordinating efforts to develop secondary bond trading; in the past creditors tended to hold the few bonds that were issued to maturity.
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