The clinical manifestation of epilepsy is the seizure, a highly synchronous electrical discharge arising in a population of neurons from a relatively small region (i.e. the epileptogenic focus) that secondarily spreads across the brain by a progressive recruitment of other neuronal populations (Traub and Wong, 1982; Jefferys, 1990; Avoli et al., 2002; Pinto et al., 2005; Trevelyan et al., 2006).
An extending gangrene-like necrosis spreads, secondarily along fascial planes into the abdominal and thoracic areas between 24 and 48 h, producing a foul-smelling and bloody exudate under the animal's skin.
Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have highlighted bone marrow oedema at sites of entheseal attachment in PsA, leading to the hypothesis that it may be microtrauma at entheseal sites that in genetically susceptible individuals leads to inflammation, as evidenced by bone marrow oedema, which then spreads to secondarily involve structures such as the synovium or the nail.
Phylogenetic analysis of these enzymes suggests that they are ancient and spread to some secondarily photosynthetic lineages when they acquired red and/or green algal endosymbionts.
Our results support the hypothesis of Motani [ 15] and Bernard et al. [ 85] that a high basal metabolic rate and at least incipient endothermy is the prerequisite for the spread of a secondarily aquatic lineage across the globe.
Several mechanisms by which a tumour can secondarily affect the penis have been described; apart from the retrograde lymphatic route of spread, venous retrograde spread is the most common route, owing to the generous communication between the pelvic venous plexuses and the penile dorsal venous system [7§-9§].
The book is secondarily about something else: the rise of the Internet as a vehicle for the spread of scientific misinformation.
It can also spread through lymphatic channels to regional nodes (firstly to iliac and obturator nodes, secondarily to para-aortic lymph nodes) and, rarely, through hematogenous dissemination to distant organs (stage IVB).
The spread of an epidemic of the underlying infection to local residents would then occur secondarily with consequent increases of its complication, childhood leukaemia, as also noted for paralytic poliomyelitis near military camps when personnel numbers greatly increased (Kinlen and Hudson, 1991).
