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In a second step, items were evaluated by three psychologists including the lecturer-in-charge, all three experts in Holland's theory and RIASEC.
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Thus in the second step item Interested in others has been removed, in the third step item Confident and so on.
In a first step, items showing local dependency were deleted (76 items).
As a first step, items were required to have at least an 80% response rate.
In a second step, two items which were found to decrease the internal consistency of this item selection were removed.
In the second step, all items not included in the DIF-free subset were tested for DIF by using likelihood ratio (LR) difference tests for nested models.
The second step of item reduction resulted in 33 items (Table 3).
In a second step, any item of the translated and extended DS whose Measurement of Sampling Adequacy came to >.70, was excluded.
In the first reduction step, items were reduced by MS and BM to 48 (Table 3) based on six criteria: similar items, not relevant enough for MCD, too academic, too vague, too unspecific to be categorised to only one domain, too abstract or difficult to measure (Table 5).
In a second step the 22 items were presented to 10 patients to check the extent to which the items could be understood and processed.
Whereas questions and answer alternatives were developed in the first step, the item adaption and item refinement steps were intended to optimally adapt the text of the questions and answer alternatives to the target population, to avoid ambiguities and misunderstandings, but not to select and exclude items.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com