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But the second epidemic killed 25m mature elms by 1979.
Our results suggest that if a second epidemic does arise, this is likely to evolve over a number of decades.
Seroepidemiological data from Pittsburgh, U.S. showed that approximately 21% of population was infected following the second epidemic wave [34].
Influenza epidemics often accompanied the introduction of new influenza antigenic variants, and new influenza variants also often gave rise to second epidemic waves.
The first wave was followed by a short period of the second epidemic wave during December 2009 to April 2010 with peak in February.
Furthermore, two recent studies have reported vCJD cases likely resulting from the transfusion of prion-contaminated blood [5], [6], raising concerns about the safety of blood products as well as the possibility of a second epidemic of vCJD.
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Second, epidemic-associated poverty could abet a growth in terrorist activities and thus threaten national security.
These results therefore confirm the detection of Y. pestis specific DNA in plague patients' remains from the first and second epidemics (3 – 6 ).
The third epidemic happened in 1780 in Philadelphia, Pa.
In 1854, during the third epidemic to strike the city, Snow began his investigations.
It's just a choice thing for people now.' When we're actually in an epidemic – history's first epidemic of a non-communicable disease".
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