The final beach bungalow offers windswept seclusion, 80 metres from the shore.
Of course, he was clad head to toe in his camouflage choice of the day: Seclusion 3D, a pattern of limbs and leaves for deciduous forests.
The most frequent type of coercion was pure seclusion (31%), followed by seclusion + medication p.o. (25%), seclusion + mechanical restraint (9%), seclusion + forced injection (7%), open-door seclusion (7%), seclusion + mechanical restraint + medication p.o. (5%), forced injection (4%), seclusion + mechanical restraint + forced injection (3%).
The most frequently used coercive measure was forced medication (80.7%), followed by physical restraint (57.1%) and seclusion (10.7%).
102 out of 233 patients exposed to coercive measures within 24 months could be included, 26 could be randomized (12 seclusion, 14 restraint).
As some interventions lasted longer than 24 h – especially seclusion (29.5% of the incidents) – the second assessment may have taken place while the patient was still subjected to it.
Patients have also reported negative experiences of the use of restraint and seclusion [ 88, 94, 95] with many feeling the interventions were overused, not always justified [ 91, 95] and harmful to the therapeutic alliance [ 94, 95].
Two reviews have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of restraint and seclusion [ 88, 91].
For example, despite the evidence on successful interventions for reducing the use of seclusion [ 6, 7], there were no criteria on implementing evidence based- interventions which led to the use of many different interventions, mostly non evidence based.
Of the 2277 episodes, 13.4% were mechanical restraint, 1.6% were pharmacological restraint, 5.9% were seclusion and 78.7% were physical holding.
Male gender is also associated with higher rates of seclusion [ 43], restraint [ 44] and psychiatric intensive care [ 45].
