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In order to study the factors that affect the failure depth of coal seam floors such as mining depth, coal seam pitch, mining thickness, workface length and faults, we propose a combined artificial neural networks (ANN) prediction model for failure depth of coal seam floors on the basis of existing engineering data by using genetic algorithms to train the ANN.
It utilizes characteristics of the coal seam/s and associated underlying and overlying strata (geologic, hydro-geologic, and geometric such as seam pitch, anomalies), mining operations (panel width, panel length, mining rate, etc)., regional subsidence characteristics (angle of draw, angle of break, tensile and compressive strain, etc)., and surface topography to achieve this.
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No. 3 coal seam, 9 m thick is mined in the study area and the seam pitches average of 5° (Hu et al. 2016b).
Leiter grunted as he pumped the two-seam pitch off the corner to Piazza.
The four-seam pitch moves similarly but not as far off the plate, and Rusch has caught more corners with it.
All 10 wickets fell to catches behind the wicket as the hosts failed to show the disciplined batting required on a seaming pitch.
As a makeshift opener he made a grinding 70 from 173 balls against Durham as his side struggled on a characteristically seaming pitch, with Mark Davies producing the miserly figures of three for 19 from 15 overs.
England have seen that Australia's pacemen are far less intimidating on slow seaming pitches and are certain to ask Mick Hunt to prepare a similar surface at Lord's.
As this was also one of those devilish English seaming pitches that drive Zimbabwe's Australian coach Geoff Marsh to distraction, spectators taking their seats about an hour later than anticipated could be grateful that there was any cricket left at all.
That is what you have to do in unfamiliar conditions, whether it is England in the sub-continent or West Indian players on seaming pitches here, you've got to battle it out.
Craig had particular trouble against off cutters on the seaming pitches.
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