Farmers and environmentalists say the fine is evidence that coal seam gas operations in the Pilliga forest in north-west NSW should be banned.
"This raises a real concern that all coal seam gas operations in NSW could have, in concert with it, an industrial-scale water treatment facility as well," Higginson said.
The New South Wales government has said it will not bow to pressure from farmers and environmentalists to halt coal seam gas operations, after Santos was fined for contaminating a groundwater aquifer.
You might be interested in the expansion of CSG (Coal Seam Gas) operations in Queensland Australia as there have been a number of cases of contamination of drinking water by the chemicals used in the fracking process.
"There are many things we don't know here, but we do know that the results show widespread elevated levels, and it really highlights the need for baseline studies so we can determine whether this is due to the coal seam gas operations or not," Isaac Santos, a geochemist who worked with Maher on the study, told journalists Wednesday, when the Southern Cross research results were made public.
This decoupled control scheme can not only realize seam-less bidirectional transition operation, but also achieve adaptive voltage balance for the power switches.
It utilizes characteristics of the coal seam/s and associated underlying and overlying strata (geologic, hydro-geologic, and geometric such as seam pitch, anomalies), mining operations (panel width, panel length, mining rate, etc)., regional subsidence characteristics (angle of draw, angle of break, tensile and compressive strain, etc)., and surface topography to achieve this.
The coal mining operation reduces coal seam gas pressure and also creates fractures in the surrounding strata that enhance gas capture from the longwall workings and surrounding coal seams.
We illustrate the proposed method through seam carving framework and image shrinkage operation.
Based on vehicle-track coupling dynamic model, the influence law of CA mortar seam on the safety of vehicle operation, on the displacement and acceleration of each part of the track structures, is revealed, by comparing the dynamics properties of the CRTSII slab ballastless track of the conditions without CA mortar seam and those with CA mortar seam.
