Sentence examples for screening programmes has been from inspiring English sources

In the field of preventive medicine, the introduction of some systematic screening programmes has been performed by government decision.

The cost-effectiveness of CRC screening programmes has been amply demonstrated, where it is eight times more cost-effective than screening for breast cancer in Spain.

One key question influencing participation in screening programmes has been precision of population registers if an invitation letter is used (i.e. in some studies from 20 to 30% of the invited women were lost due to incorrect contact information) [ 21].

In some developing countries, the cost-effectiveness of Pap smear screening programmes has been questioned because they have not resulted in declining cervical cancer rates due to inefficient screening programmes and poor quality tests [ 8].

As human papillomavirus (HPV) testing technology has developed, the inclusion of HPV testing within cervical screening programmes has been suggested, either as a triage for women presenting with borderline and mildly abnormal smears (Cox et al, 1995) or as a primary screen (Cuzick et al, 1999b; Cuzick et al, 2003).

The potential role of HPV testing in cervical cancer screening programmes has been under consideration for several years (Cuzick et al, 1994; Jenkins et al, 1996) and is felt to be promising for a triage of women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (Solomon et al, 2001; Arbyn and Van Ranst, 2002).

Therefore opportunistic screening or even systematic screening programmes have been advocated.

These organised screening programmes have been demonstrated to be effective [ 5, 6].

The performance of opportunistic screening programmes have been reported in Japan [ 7] and Hong Kong [ 8].

Breast and cervical cancer screening programmes have been integrated with family planning services in 2010.

Mammography service screening programmes have been introduced in more than 20 countries (Shapiro et al, 1998).