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For different scratching directions, the tip scratch face, the scratch edge, and the cantilever deformation are all different.
When scratching using the angle 0°, the tip scratch face and scratch edge are all perpendicular to the scratching direction.
And, the cantilever tends to bend downward or upward under this situation; when scratching using the angle 90°, the tip scratch face and scratch edge are titled with an inclination angle with the scratching direction.
The tip scratch face and the scratch edge affect the contact area, and the cantilever deformation affects the actual normal load acting on the sample surface in scratching test, which has been discussed in detail in our previous work [17].
And, the cantilever tends to twist under this situation; when scratching using the angle 45°, only the tip scratch face is titled with an inclination angle with the scratching direction.
In the case of the backward direction, the tip scratch face is perpendicular to the scratch direction, i.e., the inclination angle, θ, equals 90°, which satisfies the requirement to become orthogonal cutting.
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Macroscopically visible chipping of glass fragments at the scratch faces widens scratch tracks from typically 20 30 μm to 200 300 μm.
Any startup trying to create its own partnership base from scratch faces a huge uphill task.
On the other hand, if scratching is in the forward direction, the scratching face is composed of two inclination angles, i.e., one is -30° and the other is 30°.
He said, scratching face and looking away.
A since-deleted Facebook photo showed her with matted hair and a noticeably tanned and scratched face.
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