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The adhesion of the steel nitrided at approximately 400 °C and with TiN at 350 °C was superior to the steel coated with TiN at the higher temperature without nitriding in a scratch examination.
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One sheep displayed a positive scratch test on two consecutive examinations prior to cull, which was highly suggestive of BSE, even though PrPd was not detected in the brain or lymphoreticular tissues of this sheep.
One sheep with a positive scratch test on two consecutive examinations that had no detectable PrPd in the brain and lymphoreticular tissue was a dosed ARQ/ARQ Suffolk culled at 16 mpi, which did not display any other clinical signs except for one event of rubbing.
The scratch test was positive in three animals at the last examination prior to cull, one of which (GX1031) responded even to mere pressure on the spine (see additional file 10: 'GX1031 scratch test' with this goat responding to scratching of the dorsum).
The clinical signs displayed by the six non-pruritic BSE cases, which were culled at pre-determined time-points, are shown in Table 4. 1 The display of a positive scratch test, a self-induced scratch response, self-nibbling, rubbing or scratching HP = Histopathological examination of the brain IHC = Immunohistochemical examination of the brain neg./pos.
No clinical information about the subjects and no other methods of physical examination were performed in the study in order not to bias the interpretation of the scratch test; in particular, palpation of the liver edge was not performed.
The neurological examination [ 49] included gait assessment, testing of cranial nerve reflexes, and an evaluation of the scratch test response.
The Back Scratch Test (BS).
Perform a scratch test.
Do a scratch test.
The consultation and examination process should start from scratch".
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