The test battery provides standardized administration, raw scores and scoring norms from 4 years of age.
The scale covers emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems; total scores range from 0 to 36 and scores above 11 were considered indicative of behavioral difficulties, in accordance with scoring norms for the full scale (http://sdqinfo.com/).
The hit broke open a scoreless game and scored Norm Cash and Willie Horton.
The only significant difference across groups was in the subscale role emotional, where patients scored norm-based median 56.2 (55.3–56.2) compared to 56.2 (49.2–56.2) in controls (p = 0.012).
Due to skewed distribution of data, raw scores are transformed to age- and sex-scaled Q-scores, corresponding to z-scores (norm population M = 0, SD = 1).
In our study, all patients showed anxiety and depression scores above norm scores, both at baseline and after follow-up.
This raw score is then converted into a standard PIAT score, normed by age to have mean 100 and standard deviation 15 in each age group; the usual NLSY public use data contain these standard PIAT scores.
When studies failed to provide national norm or control group scores, we used American T-score norms for the CBCL (Achenbach 1991).
The RAND-36 summary scores are T-score norm-based scoring approaches; therefore, interpretation of these T-scores is based on a general US population mean of 50.0, with a standard deviation of 10.0 [ 8].
Individual effect size standards are often used to estimate the MCID, which is defined as the difference between a patient's pre- and post-operative HRQoL scores, normed to the standard deviation of the pre-operative scores.
