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Estimates of willingness to pay passed external and internal scope tests.
We are led to question the efficacy and cost effectiveness of making scope tests a routine part of validity assessment in applied CV studies.
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The reported (WTP) measures fail to pass the scope test.
These "cold" measures satisfy both the scope test and Hausman's adding-up property.
We showed that, as a validity test, the conventional scope test can lead to false positives and false negatives.
The survey elicits willingness to pay data which are used to conduct a split-sample scope test [7].
The scope test is widely recommended as a way to evaluate the validity of contingent valuation (CV) studies.
We measured contingent values of parts and wholes for four different environmental goods and applied the conventional scope test.
One evening, as we were packing up from an afternoon of scope testing, a call came in about a rare Hudsonian Godwit at a local wetland.
A novel scope test varies the remit of risk reductions from just the individual respondent to their entire household allowing us to examine both the statistical significance and scale of scope sensitivity.
Looking at the individual responses showed that conventional economic scope test results, which depend on comparisons of average values, can hide important relationships that are relevant to the validity of CV studies.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com