Importantly, we considered costs of screening, as well as costs of treatment (stratified for tumour size) and hospital stay, whereas most studies on this topic limit their scope to costs of screening.
The five steps under the WHO guideline consist of screening, scoping, analysis, recommendations and evaluation.
The design framework of our model allowed for the incorporation of multiple values taken from the epidemiological and clinical literature to be utilised for cost inputs, scope of patients screened, diagnostic staging, and survival percentages.
The design framework of our model allowed for the incorporation of multiple values taken from the epidemiological and clinical literature to be utilised for cost inputs, scope of patients screened, diagnostic staging, and survival percentages applied separately to two cohorts: age 40 79 and 60 79 years.
The scope of prenatal screening has considerably widened last two decades.
Clearly, this demarcation of the scope of prenatal screening would require further specification.
Inevitably, this raises the question of what the scope of prenatal screening for fetal abnormalities should be.
As argued in this document, there are strong ethical reasons for not expanding the scope of prenatal screening beyond serious congenital and childhood disorders.
Every effort has been made to ensure that every newborn receives quality appropriate services within the scope of the screening program [ 6].
To the extent that findings beyond the scope of the screening offer can reasonably be avoided by technical means, doing so is ethically preferable.
