Many leading UK universities speak of internationalisation and global ambitions.
Hans de Wit is professor of internationalisation of higher education at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, and director of the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation at the Catholic University in Milan.
That is breeding independence of government, both financially and psychologically; inexorably, the state's role is shrinking.The two big trends, of internationalisation and competition, feed each other.
It may be that some form of "internationalisation" of the nation-building process in Iraq will allow Mr Zapatero to soften his position.
Prof Hall, until recently vice chancellor of Salford University in the UK, said it represents the "next phase of internationalisation".
These concepts deviate from mainstream theories of internationalisation and suggest new theoretical developments.
An aspect of internationalisation is study abroad which the European Commission Erasmus exchange programme is just one means of addressing this.
But it is by no means certain that continuing growth will follow forms of internationalisation such as the competitive hubs in Dubai, Qatar, Hong Kong and Singapore.
A relative lack of internationalisation is inherent in many humanities disciplines, and is particularly common in law.
Other internationalisation forms, i.e. exporting, strategic alliances, do not constitute FDI and, therefore, are beyond the scope of this study.
What was the scope of their engagement?
