Akt K 14/03) that the existing health insurance law was unconstitutional because it failed to define with sufficient precision the scope of services that beneficiaries may expect from the national health system as mentioned in the Constitution ("Conditions and scope of services will be detailed in the appropriate law," Paragraph 62).
To hold down costs, states are cutting Medicaid payments to doctors and hospitals, limiting benefits for Medicaid recipients, reducing the scope of covered services, requiring beneficiaries to pay larger co-payments and expanding the use of managed care.
However, the scope of microcredit is limited to the ability of beneficiaries to enhance the resources that are available to them.
In addition, the protection of persons with disabilities is regulated by separate laws, giving rise to several categories of beneficiaries and significant differences in the level and scope of rights and protection.
End-user certificates – official documents drawn up when receiving an export licence – issued by the Saudi defence ministry to a Serbian arms dealer, as well as a cache of contracts obtained by BIRN and OCCRP, revealed the scope of the buy-up for Syrian beneficiaries.
However, debates continue in the academic bioethics literature relating to defining benefits, beneficiaries, and the scope of obligations for providing benefits.
In the last decade however, there has been intense debate within academic bioethics literature seeking to define the benefits, the beneficiaries, and the scope of obligations for providing these benefits.
Employment, poverty, and inequality rates have either stagnated and/or shockingly increased in recent years, while there is a necessity to revisit the scope -- deepening support for existing beneficiaries as opposed to expanding the list of beneficiaries -- of the current poverty-alleviating measures such as the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) scheme.
The scope of these obligations in terms of the beneficiaries and the period is however limited to those participating in research, and for the period before interventions are proven to be effective or introduced into the health care system.
Estimated number of beneficiaries: 4 million.
