It is an "imagined community" as Benedict Anderson, a social scientist, defined nationhood: people are bound not by face-to-face interaction but a communal sense of project and purpose, maintained by institutions.
No wonder Nicole Kidman jumped at the chance to play a scientist defined by work, rather than love or family, in a new play by a female writer (Photograph 51), or Romola Garai turned down Hollywood for Penelope Skinner's The Village Bike at the Royal Court (it's not often you get to play a bad-tempered, pregnant schoolteacher masturbating on stage!).
The scientists defined successful aging as being free of 11 major chronic illnesses and having no major cognitive or physical impairments after age 70.
Before Einstein, scientists defined energy as the stuff that allows objects and fields to interact or move in some way – kinetic energy is associated with movement, thermal energy involves heating and electromagnetic fields contain energy that is transmitted as waves.
In a study published online on Monday in The Canadian Medical Association Journal, the scientists defined late arrival as a delay of six hours or more from the onset of pain to the beginning of treatment.
"We're simply saying, 'We just found something that is unusual, and that makes it an important piece of evidence.' " To do the research, the scientists defined fingerprints as a series of points, composed of the endings of ridges and ridge bifurcations.
In the past month, under the leadership of the U.S. Secretary of Energy, Dr. Steven Chu, the Department of Energy designated $85 million in stimulus funds as grants to be awarded to 50 young scientists, defined as those within 10 years of having earned their Ph.D.s.
On this game board, various moves can be used to move experts away from the nonexpert quadrant, defined as least experienced and least objective, toward the quadrant of the expert-scientist, defined as most experienced and most objective or vice versa.
Physician-scientists, defined as persons with an MD or equivalent degree whose major professional activity is to conduct clinical research [ 1], play an important role as clinician-investigators in academic biomedical research.
Some scientists define climate as the average weather for a particular region and time period, usually taken over 30-years.
Sociologists and political scientists define the middle class according to education, occupational status and ownership of assets.
