The suggested policy changes thus may have unintended, negative consequences for scientific workforce participation.
One of the reasons underlying this relation might be that students with higher GPAs could be more confident in their ability to use their transferable skills (for example, communication skills and time management) to tackle the demands that come with scientific research participation.
"This report sets out not only the very strong scientific case for participation but also the social, industrial, educational, and political benefits that participation in human space exploration will bring," he says.
This special issue explores cases from Latin American countries, studied in comparison to global trends in the arenas of public participation, scientific knowledge production, regulation and governance.
The potential of market-based environmental policies can be expanded through commitments to scientific measurement, voluntary participation, and outcome-based payments.
But she acknowledges that "we are balancing this access with the need to preserve the trust of the scientific community, whose participation in the merit review process occurs in a confidential environment".
And standard policy at most companies now requires that scientific articles acknowledge participation of any industry-sponsored writers or contributors; such writers may be listed as co-authors or in the acknowledgements section.
The statement by several presidential office heads emphasized principles like scientific integrity, public participation, benefits and costs of federal oversight, communication, flexibility, risk assessment, and risk management.
We are grateful to Olivier Neyrolles, Frederic Boudou and Nathalie Winter for scientific exchanges and participation in oral infection experiments.
