His alleged accomplice, Oleg Penkovsky, a Russian scientific official, pleaded guilty to a charge of treason.
"What everyone here wants is a complete, scientific, official explanation of what happened, why it happened and could it happen again," Mr. Spinnato said.
The next year, he was expelled from the Soviet Union in retaliation for The Post's serialization of "The Penkovsky Papers" (Doubleday, 1965), a book purporting to be the memoirs of Oleg V. Penkovsky, a Soviet scientific official convicted of spying for Britain and the United States.
"I understand that many died, and that only a few made it down," he said by telephone, in a conversation reported by an Italian scientific official, as he waited for a Pakistani military rescue helicopter to pluck him from the unforgiving mountainside.
"The bedrock principle for all research done at M.I.T. is scientific integrity," officials said in a statement.
Dr. Lewandowsky's survey results suggested that people who rejected climate science were more likely than other respondents to reject other scientific or official findings and buy into assorted fringe theories: that NASA faked the moon landing, that the Central Intelligence Agency killed Martin Luther King Jr., that the AIDS virus was unleashed by the government, and so forth.
Sources of information included scientific evidence, official data and experts' opinion.
6. Top U.S. scientific misconduct official quits in frustration with bureaucracy.
Information was collected from peer-reviewed scientific journals, official documents and reports and by means of interviews with experts from authorities and the feed industry.
