Co-authorship networks do not absolutely reflect the scientific collaboration, because many researchers may know and influence each other but never collaborate in writing a paper.
This also suggests a practical definition of scientific collaboration as an activity in which resources, of one kind or another, are exchanged, or shared, between collaborating research groups.
Increasingly, opportunities for training and scientific collaboration are available in Eastern European countries--and that's good, because today's Eastern European scientists "need to collaborate.
In addition to his political activities, Bowdoin was active in scientific pursuits, collaborating with Benjamin Franklin in his pioneering research on electricity.
This application can be in the future extended to any genotyping data we are able to retrieve from the scientific literature, collaborating laboratories or from other data sources, in order to provide the breeder with the molecular data of other than CEREALAB germplasm collections.
Dr. Winfree was something of a scientific loner, rarely collaborating on a paper.
For the first time, the business and scientific communities are collaborating in a concrete, practical effort to help create a truly sustainable planet.
We observe that the scientific leverage of collaborating with industrial partners is higher when academics pursue a more proactive strategy and are selective.
A careful examination of collaborating scientific institutions and the financial regulations of each participating country prior to setting up any support mechanisms is critical, and may result in country-specific arrangements.
The prevention of applications that are intended to do harm becomes a responsibility of a scientific community that collaborates on their design and whose voluntary contributions are considered as more efficient in the detection of misuse than regulation.
