The grand marble entrance hall to the Royal Society in London is full of glass cases displaying scientific artefacts: Isaac Newton's death mask, a piece of the apple tree under which gravity was discovered, prototype light bulbs and illustrated manuscripts.
A significant outcome of this research has been the PICO (Population/Problem–Intervention Comparison Outcome) structure, and its refined version PIBOSO (Population–Intervention Background Outcome Study Design Other), both of which provide a formalisation of these scientific artefacts.
Ancient walls, artefacts, scientific data are all destroyed in the process.
In the past, however, historians of astronomy have paid relatively little attention to astrology and other "non-scientific" topics, while historians of astrology have tended to concentrate on the analysis of texts rather than surviving artefacts, scientific instruments in particular.
Among the components of technological systems are physical artefacts, organizations, scientific and legislative components and natural resources.
Scientific studies on such artefacts are highly relevant, in order to optimize the preservation of the paintings for coming generations and/or to gain more profound insights in their creation process [1 3].
Advances in analytical technology have led to increasing interest in the scientific examination of precious artefacts and antiquities.
This study has shown that isopropanol induces permanent changes to the packing features of collagen within parchment artefacts and has provided scientific evidence that its use to remove creases and folds on parchment artefacts will cause structural change that may contribute to long-term deterioration of parchment artefacts.
Although poorly documented in the scientific literature, the frequency of these artefact types may be significant when exploring moving anatomical structures.
The development of appropriate treatment methods to stabilize and protect artefacts is a undeniable scientific challenge.
