The no-longer-strictly-speaking Mad men (now "Sixth Men"?) would have walked past a lobby exhibit that opened that summer, called "Mother and Child in Modern Art," that might have spoken to their old-school tendencies.
The above experiments suggested that freely interacting marine and benthic sticklebacks exhibit different schooling tendencies.
Although differences in schooling tendencies among populations of fish have been previously reported [24] [27], our study is novel in that the model school assay allows us to assess the schooling behavior of individuals without the confounding effects of the behavior of other individuals in the school.
They particularly object to schools' tendency to change uniforms on a whim, which means that costs cannot be cut by buying second-hand or dressing younger siblings in hand-me-downs.
However, their reduced schooling tendency in the model school assay strongly reflects their behavior in free-swimming groups.
If experience with schooling was important for benthic fish to show schooling, their schooling tendency should have increased following exposure to the schooling marine sticklebacks.
This assay uses an artificial school of model fish to evaluate the schooling tendency of an individual using a standardized and repeatable stimulus.
Because the fish we tested were reared in the laboratory, without the influence of parental care, our data suggest that the difference in schooling tendency between marine and benthic sticklebacks is heritable.
We demonstrate that these population-level differences in schooling tendency are heritable and are shared by individuals within a population even when they have experienced mixed-population housing conditions.
Our data suggest that the difference in schooling tendency between marine and benthic sticklebacks is accompanied by differential preferences for social vs. non-social and moving vs. stationary shelter options.
Here, we expanded on our previous efforts to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for differences in schooling tendency.
